Potensi Rekayasa Genetik Aspergillus Terreus dalam Optimalisasi Enzim Pengurai Plastik: Literatur Review

Authors

  • Asmayani Universitas Pejuang Republik Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia
  • Yusminah Hala Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53696/venn.v5i4.375

Keywords:

Aspergillus terreus, biodegradasi plastik, enzim pengurai plastik, rekayasa genetik, CRISPR/Cas9

Abstract

Produksi dan pembuangan plastik global yang terus meningkat menimbulkan akumulasi limbah plastik rekalsitran seperti PE, PP, dan PET di lingkungan, sehingga diperlukan solusi biodegradasi yang lebih berkelanjutan berbasis mikroorganisme. Aspergillus terreus merupakan jamur filamentosa yang diketahui mampu mendegradasi berbagai polimer sintetis (LDPE, HDPE, PP) melalui sekresi enzim oksidatif dan hidrolitik, dengan efisiensi penurunan massa dilaporkan berkisar 7–30% bergantung jenis plastik, pra-perlakuan, dan kondisi kultur. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian literatur sistematis yang menganalisis artikel ilmiah tahun 2000–2025 dari basis data Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, PubMed, dan Google Scholar mengenai (1) kemampuan A. terreus dalam biodegradasi plastik, (2) enzim kunci yang terlibat, dan (3) potensi rekayasa genetik untuk mengoptimalkan enzim pengurai plastik. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa laccase dan peroksidase berperan sebagai inisiator oksidasi pada poliolefin (PE/PP), sedangkan untuk poliester seperti PET, A. terreus lebih prospektif dimanfaatkan sebagai host ekspresi bagi cutinase/PET-hydrolase heterolog. Perkembangan teknologi CRISPR/Cas9, promotor konstitutif kuat (misalnya PgpdA), sistem seleksi pyrG, serta strain Δku70 pada A. terreus membuka peluang rekayasa multi-gen untuk meng-overekspresikan enzim endogen maupun memasukkan gen enzim pengurai plastik dari mikroba lain. Meski demikian, masih terdapat tantangan terkait bottleneck jalur sekresi, over-glikosilasi, dan degradasi proteolitik sehingga diperlukan rekayasa sistemik dan validasi skala bioreaktor sebelum A. terreus dapat diimplementasikan sebagai platform bioindustri pengelolaan limbah plastik.

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09-06-2026

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Asmayani, & Hala, Y. (2026). Potensi Rekayasa Genetik Aspergillus Terreus dalam Optimalisasi Enzim Pengurai Plastik: Literatur Review. Venn: Journal of Sustainable Innovation on Education, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 5(4), 748–763. https://doi.org/10.53696/venn.v5i4.375

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Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): MIPA dan dan Pendidikan lingkup MIPA

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